1. Numbness or Tingling:
Carpal tunnel syndrome causes numbness or tingling primarily due to the compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel in the wrist. This narrow, rigid passageway is formed by bones and ligaments, and when the tissues surrounding the flexor tendons within the tunnel swell, they can put pressure on the median nerve. This nerve compression disrupts normal nerve function, leading to the characteristic sensations of numbness or tingling in the thumb, index, middle, and part of the ring finger. These symptoms often worsen during activities that involve flexing the wrist or at night, potentially disturbing sleep.
2. Pain:
Carpal tunnel syndrome can cause pain due to the pressure exerted on the median nerve within the carpal tunnel, a narrow passageway in the wrist. The median nerve not only controls sensation in parts of the hand but also contributes to motor function, and its compression can lead to pain that ranges from mild discomfort to severe, sharp pain. This pain can radiate from the wrist and into the forearm. Activities involving wrist flexion, prolonged use of the hand, or repetitive motions can exacerbate the pain, which is often more pronounced at night.
3. Weakness:
Carpal tunnel syndrome can lead to weakness in the hand and fingers due to prolonged compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel. The median nerve is responsible for the movement and strength of the muscles at the base of the thumb, known as the thenar muscles. When this nerve is compressed, it impairs the ability of these muscles to function properly, resulting in diminished grip strength and difficulty performing tasks that require fine motor skills, such as buttoning a shirt or holding small objects. Over time, if the pressure on the nerve persists without intervention, muscle atrophy can occur, further exacerbating weakness and reducing overall hand functionality.
Physical therapy can effectively relieve the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome by addressing the underlying causes of nerve compression and improving overall wrist function. A physical therapist can guide patients through a series of exercises designed to strengthen the muscles in the hand and forearm, enhance flexibility, and reduce inflammation. Stretching and strengthening exercises can help maintain proper wrist function and decrease the pressure on the median nerve.
Educating patients on ergonomics and proper wrist mechanics during daily activities can also prevent symptom exacerbation. By adopting these therapeutic interventions, patients can experience significant symptom relief and improved hand functionality. If you are experiencing these symptoms, call Respire Physical Therapy at 703-671-1871 or click here to schedule an initial evaluation today!
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