One of the most commonly reported symptoms of COVID-19, aside from cold & flu-like symptoms, is loss of taste and smell. Some may not realize that these symptoms are due to the viral impacts on the cranial nerves. Preliminary evidence has shown that COVID-19 infections have also correlated with symptoms of nausea, dizziness, and loss of balance as a result of viral or post-viral inflammation of the vestibular branch of the eighth cranial nerve. This crucial neural structure allows us to maintain balance and perceive our orientation in space. Thankfully, dysfunction of this nerve can be treated through specific physical therapy interventions.
Cranial Nerves
The human body has 12 pairs of cranial nerves that facilitate specific functions in the head, neck and trunk. These nerves allow us to taste, smell, see, hear, and maintain balance, among other functions. The eighth cranial nerve, known as the vestibulocochlear nerve, allows for communication between the inner ear balance system (vestibular system), the brain, and the body. It allows us to correctly perceive our body position relative to the environment.
Vestibular Nerve Dysfunction
When the vestibular nerve becomes inflamed, also called “neuritis,” it can result in sensations of imbalance, dizziness and nausea that may be associated with change in body position. Even after a person has recovered from a viral infection, these symptoms can persist for varying lengths of time.
Vestibular Physical Therapy
Vestibular physical therapy is specifically tailored to a patient’s symptoms and aims to improve symptoms of dizziness and imbalance. It differs from standard outpatient physical therapy in that, instead of primarily focusing on strengthening and stretching various muscle groups, it utilizes different exercises involving head movement and balance that target the affected vestibular nerve. By targeting these neurological deficits, the body is able to improve its ability to perceive and process environmental stimuli that ultimately can reduce sensations of dizziness and imbalance.
If you have experienced increased dizziness or imbalance following COVID-19 or generally suffer from these symptoms, physical therapy can help you return to your normal activities. Call 703-671-1871 or click here to schedule an appointment with one of our Physical Therapists!
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